Board of Management for Urban Cooperative Banks

Abbreviations:
BoM - Board of Management
UCB - Urban Cooperative Banks
BoD - Board of Directors

RBI proposed to set up BoM in all UCBs having deposits of over Rs. 100 Crore within 1 year to strengthen governance and promote professional management in these banks

• BoM will be in addition to the BoD
• BoD will continue to be apex policy setting body and constitute various committees of board including BoM to assist it to carry out its functions

Key Facts:

Functions:

• BoM looks after all administrative functions of UCBs as spelt out in respective cooperatives Act.
• It is responsible for Credit, risk and liquidity management of UCBs.
• It considers loan proposals, recommend action for recovery of bad loans, implement sound internal controls and oversee compliances among others.

Composition:

• BoM is constituted by BoD
• BoM will have minimum of 3 members in UCB having deposit size up to Rs.100 Crore and 5 members in UCBs having deposit size above Rs.100Crore.
• Maximum number of members in BoM will not exceed 12.
• Not more than 50% of BoM members should be from BoD.
• Under all circumstances, BoM Should have atleast 2 members outside from BoD

Criteria:

• 50% of members of BoM will consist persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of one or more of following matters such as
• Accountancy, agriculture and rural economy, banking, cooperation, economics, finance, law, small scale industry, information technology and other matter the special knowledge useful to UCB.

Implementation:

Existing UCBs have deposit size exceeding Rs.100 crore will set up BoM within period of 1 year and banks less than it may constitute BoM within 2 years.

BACKGROUND:

• Expert committee on licensing new urban cooperative banks (2010) constituted under chairmanship of YH Malegam had recommended that BoM should be constituted in every UCB, in addition to BoDs.
• This was reiterated by High powered committee on UCBs headed by R.Gandhi constituted in January 2015 by RBI.
• Under the present legal framework, BoD of UCB performs both executive and supervisory roles and has responsibility to oversee functioning of UCB as cooperative society and as a bank.

India-Seychelles - 6 MoUs

Abbreviations:
CERT-in - Indian Computer Emergency Response Team
FSI - Foreign Service Institute
IOR - Indian Ocean Region


India and Seychelles signed 6 MoUS

• India announced US $100 million credit to Seychelles for augmenting its defense capabilities
• Also announced to hand over second Dornier aircraft to Seychelles as promised by PM NaMo during his visit in 2015
• Aircraft will reach Seychelles before its National day on 29th June 2018.

Signed Agreements:

1. Regarding Indian grant assistance for implementation of Small Development projects through local bodies, educational and vocational institutions
2. Twinning agreement on establishment of Friendship and cooperation between Panaji (Municipal Corporation), Goa and Victoria City of Seychelles.
3. MoU in the area of Cyber security, It was signed between Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-in) and Seychelles Department of Information Communications Technology
4. Cultural Exchange program between India and Seychelles for the years 2018-2022
5. Technical agreement on sharing white shipping information between Indian Navy and National Information sharing and coordination center of Seychelles: It enables both countries to exchange data regarding identity and movement of non-military commercial vessels
6. MoU between FSI of India and Department of Foreign Affairs of Seychelles

Key Takeaways from Bilateral Talks

Assumption Island:

• Both countries agreed to work together on project to develop naval base at Assumption Island keeping each other's concerns in mind
• Both countries are key strategic partners for each other and they respect the core values of democracy
• They share geo-strategic vision of maintaining peace, security and stability in IOR

Defense and Security Cooperation:

• Both countries share robust defense and security cooperation
• US $100 million from India to enable Seychelles to buy defense equipment to boost its maritime capacity
• Both countries have strategic convergence in dealing with maritime challenges.
• Both Countries are straddled between one of important Sea lanes of communication and vulnerable to piracy.
• They face dangers of international crimes such as Piracy, drugs, human trafficking and illegal exploitation of oceanic resources
• India is committed to augment Seychelles defense capabilities, maritime infrastructure and increase capabilities of its defense personnel

Bharat-22 ETF

Abbreviations:
ETF - Exchange Traded Fund
SBI - State Bank of India
FFO - Follow-on Fund offer
BoB - Bank of Baroda
ONGC - Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
IOC - Indian Oil Corporation
BP - Bharat Petroleum

The 2nd Tranche of Bharat-22 ETF comprising shares of 22 companies received a bid worth 15,436 crore, much higher than Govt's Fund rising target.

• 2nd Tranche was targeted to achieve fund mop up of Rs.6000 Cr with green-shoe option for another Rs. 2400Cr.
• At the end of bidding of 2nd Tranche, The ETF was over-subscrived by 2.57 times base issue size of Rs.6000 Cr.
• Total of 1.2 lakh bids were made for FFO, attracting wide participation across all investor segments
• Govt. is likely to exercise green-shoe option to retain additional Rs. 2400 Crore worth bids received

Bharat-22 ETF

• Bharat 22 is well-diversified ETF spanning 6 sectors- basic materials, energy finance, industrials, FMCG and utilities
• It was launched by Union Govt. to meet some part of its disinvestment target of Rs. 80,000 crore in current fiscal
• Banking segment includes stocks from SBI, Axis bank, Bank of Baroda, India Bank, Rural Electrification corporation and Power finance corporation
• Energy segment includes ONGC, IOC, BP and Coal India.

ETF:

• Exchange Trade funds are essentially index funds that are listed and traded on exchanges like stocks
• They are basically basket of stocks with assigned weights that reflects the composition of index.
• They are similar to mutual funds in a certain manner but are more liquied as they can be sold quickly on stock exchanges like shares.
• The ETFs trading value is based on the net asset value of the underlying stocks that is represents
• Their price changes daily as they are traded throughout the day
• ETF route is considered as safer mode of disinvestment as it shields investors against stock market volatility

USA quits UNHRC

Abbreviations:
USA - United States of America
UNHRC - United Nations Human Rights Council
ICC - International Criminal Court
UNGA - United Nations General Assembly

USA under Trump administration withdrew its  membership from UNHRC

• USA stated UNHRC as self serving and hypocritic
• Blamed UNHRC for bias against  Israel and refusing to eject members who are violators of human righsts
• Bush in 2006 opted against membership in 2006 when council is created
• USA joined UNHRC in 2009 under Barrack Obama.

Issues:

• USA president seeks to advance Israel Aganda on world stage
• Israel is the only country in the world whose human rights record comes up for discussion at every UNHRC session under Item 7 on agenda
• Item 7: "Israel occupied Palestinian Territories" have been part of UNHRC regular business almost as long as it has existed
• With USA withdraw, council will be left without one of its traditional defenders of human rights.
• US participated in attempts to pinpoint human rights violations in places like South Sudan, Congo and Combodia

Background:

• Since January 2017 (Trump era), USA announced its withdrawal from UN - backed 2015 Paric Climate Agreement, left UN Educational and Cultural Organisation and pulled out of Iran Nuclear deal (Joint comprehensive plan of Action)
• Other contentious moves taken are
• Slapping tariffs on steel and Aluminium against its key trading partners
• Recognising Jerusalem as Israel's Capital and
• Moving US embassy there from Tel Aviv. 

UNHRC:

• An intra-governmental body within UN system
• Responsible for strengthening promotion and protection of human rights and globe and for addressing situations of human rights violations and make recommendations on them
• UNHRC is created by UNGA with speci

#YogaFor9to5

Abbreviations:

WCD - Women and Child Development

IYD - International Yoga Day

 

Sanskar - Awareness Program against Superstition

Assam Govt. soon launch awareness program ' Sanskar' in all development blocks and Panchayats

• The move is taken in wake of incidents triggered by Superstition and ignorance including lynching of two young artists in Karbi Anglong district of the state
• Assam Science and Technology Council (ASTEC) would be nodal agency and program would involve all deputy commissioners, superintends of police and all govt. departments concerrned in a district
• Local bodies, Women's organizations, voluntary organizations, media persons, leading citizens, Academicians, MPs and MLAs from ruling and opposition parties would be stakeholders of the programme.
• Social activist Birubala Rabha, who has been tirelessly fighting against Witch-hunting will also be involved in the program

TCA Ananth Committee

Union Govt. constituted a technical committee under chairmanship of  former chief statistician TCA Anant

• Purpose is to look into jobs calculation
• To bring in more transparency in jobs data calculation and presentation

2nd India- US Colloquium on Earth observation & Sciences

Abbreviations:
CSIR - Center For Science and Industry Research
NIO - National Institute of Oceanography
NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The 2nd edition of India-US colloquium on Earth observations and sciences for society and Economy is inaugurated at CSIR - NIO, Dona Paula, Goa, on 11th June 2018

• 3-day Colloquium
• Organized by Ministry of Earth Sciences, CSIR-NIO and US NOAA.
• Multi-disciplinary event brings together 200 delegates from India and USA to address emerging ocean and earth science issues 
• It helps both countries to improve ocean and atmosphere observations that contribute to economic well being of both nations  through better weather, climate and ocean prediction as well as fisheries management.

BIMSTEC Military Exercise

Abbreviations:
BIMSTEC - Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

India is hosting first military Exercise of BIMSTEC group in Pune, on Sept 2018

• Its focus is on Counter - terrorism 
• As a part of this, a conclave of Army Chiefs of All 7 member-states is being planned.
• Purpose is to promote strategic alignment among the member-states and to share best practices in field of counter-terrorism.
• The theme includes counter-terrorism in semi-urban terrain and cordon and search and each side will bring in some 30 soldiers.
• BIMSTEC was set up in 1997 and includes India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand

Malabar 2018 - Naval Exercise

22nd edition of trilateral naval exercise "Malabar 2018" started between India, Japan & USA

• From 6th June to 15th June
• The exercise features both ashore & at-sea training off the coast of Guam in Philippine sea
• Training will focus on
• High-end war fighting skill sets
• Subject matter expert and professional exchanges
• Combined carrier strike group operations
• Maritime patrol 
• Reconnaissance operations
• Surface & Anti-submarine warfare
• Medical operations
• Damage control
• Helicopter operations Visit, board, search and seizure operations
• India is being represented by 
• Stealth frigate INS Sahyadri
• Stealth corvettes INS Kamorta
• Deepak-class fleet tanker INS Shakti
• IANS
• Along with these, P-81 Neptune advanced maritime patrol/anti submarine warfare aircraft will also participate in the wargame

Rare species of fresh water Turtles in Assam temple ponds

Abbreviations:
IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature

Threatened species of Fresh water Turtles are found in Assam Temple ponds

• They were identified through the technique called eDNA (Environmental DNA)
• The species found are
1. Nilssonia Nigricans or Black softshell turtle (declared as extinct in Wild life by IUCN red list)
2. Nilssonia Gangetica or Indian soft shell turtle (Classified as Vulnerable)
3. Chitra Indica or South Asian Narrow headed soft shell turtle (Listed as endangered by IUCN)
• Research findings were published in Journal "Herpetology notes by ZSI, Kolkata
• 
  

Sand Extraction ban in CRZ areas

Abbreviations: 
CRZ - Coastal Regulation District

Sand Extraction is banned by Dakshin Kannada District and Sand Monitoring Committee

• The ban is to facilitate the breeding of fish and other aqua fauna during monsoon
• Violators are liable to legal action
• Deep sea fishing has been banned for 61 days

Geo-Intelligence Asia-2018

India hosted 11th edition of Geo-intelligence Asia 2018 at Manekshaw Center in New Delhi on 4th and 5th June 2018.

• Organized by Geospatial media and military survey as Co-organizers.
• The theme of Seminar was: 'Geo spatial: A force multiplier for Defense and internal security'
• Aim is to provide a platform to showcase the innovative applications of the Geospatial technologies
• Seminar brought together the military, security officials including BSF and police forces, Govt. and industry together to examine latest technology solutions and on the critical role of geospatial technology in military and security applications

Kaleswaram Lift Irrigation Project (KLP)

On June 6th, 2018, Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project (KLIP) got approval of Technical Advisory Committee of Union Government

• It is located in Telangana
• Biggest lift Irrigation project in the country
• Has the provision for storage of about 148 tmc ft with plans of utilizing 180 tmc ft by lifting at least 2 tmc ft water every day for 90 flood days.
• The project is designed to irrigate 7,38,851 hectares (over 18.47 lakh acres) uplands in the erstwhile districts of Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Warangal, Medak, Nalgonda and Ranga Reddy
• Expected cost of the project is Rs. 80,000 Crore.
• One of unique feature of project is the longest tunnel in Asia of 81 kms between Yellempally and Mallnsagar dams
• To lift the water, the project uses 139MW pump, the highest capacity pump to be deployed in any project in the country
• The Kaleswaram project across Godavari river is often described as a boon to the state

National Consultation on Accelerating implementation of Tobacco Control measures for achievement of Goals under National Health Policy

The National Consultation on Accelerating Implementation of Tobacco Control Measures for achievement of goals under National Health Policy 2017

• Inaugurated on 6th June 2018
• Minister of state released Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2 India Report, 
• Also released guidelines for establishing tobacco cessation centers in dental colleges at the consultation and felicitated tobacco workers who have transitioned to other livelihood options
• 2-day consultation focuses on capacity building of the National Tobacco Control Programme Node Officers.
• Among the key areas of deliberation will be multi-sectoral engagement for implementation of WHO FCTC in India and synergizing tobacco control with new health initiatives.
• Tobacco is responsible for 4.5 Lakh Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVD) deaths in the country
• In 2011, total economic cost attributable to tobacco use from all diseases in India for persons aged 35-69 years amounted to a staggering Rs. 1,04,500 crores.

Mandela Gandhi youth Conference 2018

The Mandela-Gandhi Youth conference was held at Pietermaritzburg in South Africa on 8th June 2018

• 3-day commemoration of historic incident 125 years ago
• Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi on 7th June 1893 was thrown off from a train compartment reserved for whites only
• Delegates from India, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, Egypt, Malawi, Seychelles and Mozambique joined more than 120 South African youngsters.
• They debated and shared their views on whether the Gandhian philosophy of Satyagraha, Ahimsa and Sarvodaya was relevant today and whether it could be used to find solutions for the problems around the worlds
• A resolution is passed unanimously at conference which said the youth of the world, citizens of diverse nationalities, ideologies, backgrounds, color, creed, race and sex embrace the ideals of Mahatma and Madiba as apostles of peace and truth

AP, first Indian state to use auto-disable syringes

AP will become First Indian state to use Auto-disable syringes for all clinical purposes to prevent infection

• The move is enforced from World Hepatitis Day -2018
• The state Govt declares itself as "Safety Injection use state"
• Initiative will ensure one injection will be given from one syringe by mandating universal usage of auto-disable syringes in all clinical/therapeutic cases as part of infection prevention
• The move would strengthen healthcare system by lowering the burden of infections and breaking the cycle of cross infecton

World Oceans Day 2018

On June 8th -  World Oceans Day

• WOD is global day of ocean celebration and collaboration for a better future.
• It is observed Every year on 8th June to provide an opportunity to take personal and community Action to conserve the ocean and its resources.
• 2018 Conservation action theme is : " Preventing plastic pollution and encouraging solutions for a Healthy Ocean"

Kandala Subrahmanya Tilak

Noted Freedom fighter - Kandaala Subrahmanya Tilak

• Member of First Lok Sabha, elected in 1952 from Vizianagaram constituency from Socialist Party of India
• Belongs to AP
• Passed away on 8th June 2018 (98)
• Took part in Salt Satyagraha

Sunil Mehta Committee - ARC

Abbreviations:
ARC - Asset Reconstruction Company
AMC - Asset Management Committee
PNB - Punjab National Bank

Union Finance Ministry has set up a committee to examine the possibility of setting up an ARC or AMC

• The purpose is to fast track resolution of stressed Assets.
• PNB's non executive Chairman Sunil Mehta will head the panel.
• The committee shall consider whether such an arrangement will be good for the banking system.
• If it is considered advisable, the committee will also consider modalities by which such an ARC/AMC should be set up
• It submits report in 2 weeks

SCO summit at China, 2018

18th edition of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit was held in Qingdao, China on June 9th and 10th 2018.

• The summit concluded with adoption of Quingdao declaration
• Declaration calls for implementing 3-year plan to combat terrorism, separatism and extremism
• Also calls for implementation of treaty on long-term good neighborliness, Friendship and cooperation.
• All the heads of SCO countries held restricted meeting before summit
• Here, China renewed its agreement with India on sharing data on the cross-border flow of waters from Brahmaputra river during flood season.
• Under a MoU signed on 9th June, 2018, the Chinese side would provide hydrological data from May 15th to October 15th (The period when Brahmaputra is prone to floods).
• China would also provide hydro-logical data if the water level exceeds a "Mutually agreed" level during non-flood season.
• Both sides also signed an agreement on exporting non-Basmati rice to China.
• Two countries also set a trade target of 100 billion dollars by 2020

Rajasthan State

1. Capital - Jaipur
2. CM  - Vasundhara Raje
3. Governor - Kalyan Singh
4. State Dance - Ghoomar
5. State Animal - Camel an dChinkara
6. State Bird - Godawan
7. State Flower - Rohida
8. State Tree  - Khejri
9. State Game - Basketball
10. Mountain ranges - Aravali
11. Desert: Thar desert (Great Indian Desert, World 17th largest)
12. International Border - Pakistan
13. Loksabha seats - 25
14. Rivers - Chambal, Banas, Luni, Berach, Sabarmati, Narmada
15. Lakes - Anasagar, Dhebar, Fateh Sagar, Man Sagar, Nakki, Sambhar salt lake, Pushkar Lake
16. Airport - Maha rana Prathap International Airport (Udaipur)
17. Power plants - Suratgarh, Chhabra, Dhirubhai Ambani, Jawahar Sagar Hydroelectric, Mahi Bajaj Sagar Hydro
18. National Parks - Ranthambore National Park, Sariska Tiger Reserve, Keoladeo Ghana National Park, Desert National Park, Darrah National Park
19. Nicknames - Jaipur (Pink City), Jaisalmer (Golden City of India), Udaipur (White city, City of lakes, Venice of East)
20. Jodhpur (Blue City, Sun City)
21. Festivals - Jaipur (Teej Festival, Gangaur festival, Elephant festival),  Jaisalmer (Desert festival), Nagaur (Nagaur fair), Pushkar (Pushkar fair), Bikaner (Camel festival), Udaipur (Mewar festivavl)
22. Monuments - Jaipur (Jyothish Yantralaya or Jantarmantar, Hawa mahal, Temples of Galta, Sun Temple Galta hill, Amber palace or Amber fort), Udaipur (Lake palace), Jodhpur (Umald Bhawan), Jaisalmer (Manak Chowk), Pushkar (Jagarpita Brahma mandir)

Wuhan SCO Summit Modi and Xi

SCO summit is expected to reject pursuit of unilateralism

• Russia, China & India to emerge as core of SCO
• Founded in 2001, 8 member countries
• Official languages Chinese and Russian

Dhanush Artillery Gun ready for induction

Abbreviations
OFB - Ordnance Factory Board
GCF - Gun Carriage Factory

India's first indigenous, long-range Artillary gun Dhanush has successfully passed its final test at Pokhran, Rajasthan

• This paves its way for induction into Army
• Earlier the gun had passed under severe cold conditions in Sikkim an Leh an din hot an dhumid weather Balasore, Odisha, Babina in Jhansi
• Indian Army has so far not inducted any new artillery guns since Bofors guns,
• It has placed an initial order for 114 Dhanush guns
• It is expected to order another 400 more

Dhanush Artillery Gun:

• Dhanush is 155mm x 45mm caliber artillery gun.
• It has been developed by OFB, Kolkata based on requirements of Indian Army and manufactured by Jabalpur-based GCF
• It is upgraded version of Swedish 155 mm Bofors howitzers, which india procured in Mid-1980s based on its original designs. 
• So it is also called desi Bofors
• It has strike range of 40 km (11 km more than the imported Bofors guns) with accuracy and precision
• Its 81% components are indigenous sourced and it will be scaled up to 90% by 2019
• Each of this gun costs about Rs.14.50 crore while each shell costs Rs. 1 lakh
• It provides greater fire power, depending on the type of ammunition used
• It also has night firing capability in direct fire mode.
• It armament system comprises a barrel, muzzle brake, breech mechanism and recoil mechansm to fire 155 mm calibre ammunitions
• It has several significant advance features, including an 
• All-electric drive
• High mobiity
• Quick deployability
• Auxiliary power mode
• Advanced communication system 
• automated command and control system
• It has 6 round magazine, instead of a standard 3 round one
• It weighs slightly more than normal due to the larger chamber.
• 
  

FDI in India rises to US $ 61.96 billion in 2017-18: DIPP

Abbreviations:
DIPP - Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion
FDI  - Foreign Direct Investment
BoP - Balance of Payments
UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UAE - United Arab Emirites

According to DIPP, FDI in India increased to US $ 61.96 billion in 2017-18

• In previous FY it is $60 billion

Key Facts:

• Main sectors that received maximum FDI were 
• Services
• Computer Softwares
• Hardware
• Telecommunications
• Construction
• Trading
• Automobile
• Major sources of FDI includes: Mauritius, Singapore, Japan, Netherlands, US, Germany, France and UAE
• According to UNCTAD report, FDI to India decreased to US $40 billion in 2017 from US $44 billion in 2016 while outflows from India, the main source of investment in South Asia, has doubled

BACKGROUND:

• FDI are considered Crucial for India as it needs around  $1 trillion for overhauling its infrastructure sector such as ports, airports and highways to boost growth.
• Strong inflow of foreign investments mainly helps to improve the country's BoP situation and also strengthen the rupee value against other global currencies, especially dominant US dollar
• To attract inflow of foreign investment, the central government has announced several measures including liberalization of FDI policy and improvement in Business climate

Berne Convention - India submits declaration

Abbreviations

WIPO - World Intellectual Property Organization

WIPO notified declaration submitted by Indian relating to Article II and III of Appendix to Paris Act 1971 related to Berne Convention for Protection of Literary and artistic works

• Declaration enters into force, with respect to India from 28 March 2018. 
• It enables India to avail itself faculties provided for ARticle II and III of the Appendix to Berne Convention during 10 years period that will expire on 10th October 2024

Key Facts:

• India has been member of Berne Convention since April 1928
• It has been submitting declaration as per Article II and III of the Appendix from time to time
• The present notification is in continuation of India's Earlier position

Article II of Appendix:

• It enables India to substitute for exclusive right of translation of work, which has been published in printed or analogous forms of reproduction granted by competent authority only for purpose of teaching, research and scholarship

Article III of Appendix:

• It enables India to substitute for exclusive right of reproduction of literary work, published either in printed or analogous forms of reproduction or in Audio-visual form of lawfully made audio-visual fixations, to publish edition which has not been distributed on sale for period of 6 months, except when either translations is not published by owner of right of translation or with his authorization or when translation is not in language general in use in India

Berne Convention:

• Berne convention for Protection of Literary and artistic works (Berne Convention) is international copyright agreement that mandates equal treatment of copyrighted works by signatories, known as Berne Union.
• It was adopted in 1886 in Berne, Switzerland
• The convention requires signatory member countries to recognize copyrighted literary or artistic works in same way that its national copyrights are recognized
• Under it, all works are copyrighted for minimum 50 years term after death of author, but no longer terms may be provided related parties
• It also allows signatories to apply fair use of copyrighted works in other broadcasts or publications as reflected in WIPO copyright treaty 1996

5 countries elected as non-permanent members of UNSC

Abbreviations:
UNGA - United Nations General Assembly
UNSC - United Nations Security Council

UNGA elected South Africa, Indonesia, Dominican Republic, Germany and Belgium as non-permanent members of UNSC

• They shall have 2-year term beginning from 1st January 2019
• The five non-permanent members were elected according to the following pattern
• Two seats for Group of African States and Group of Asia-Pacific States
• One for the Group of Latin American and Caribbean States
• Two seats for Western Europe and Other states

UNSC:

• Most powerful organ
• One of 6 principal organs of UN
• It's primary responsibility is to maintain international peace and security under UN charter
• It ha 15 members, including Five Permanent members with power of veto.
• Fiver permanent members are: China, France, Russia, UK and USA
• 10 Non-permanent members are elected for 2-year terms each
• Its powers include establishment of 
• Peace keeping operations
• International sanctions
• Authorization of military action through UNSC recolutions
• It is only UN body with authority of issuing binding resolutions to members

Functions of UNSC:

• It is responsible for determining existence of threat against peace and to respond to act of agression
• Responsible for finding peaceful means to settle conflict or dispute between states
• In some cases, it resorts to sanctions or even authorize use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security.
• It also recommends to UNGA appointment of UN secretary General and admission of new members to the UN

At UN Headquarters, Indonesia won, Maldives lose

• 1st Jan 2019 takes seat with other newly elected non permanent members Germany, Belgium, Dominican Republic of South Africa
• "We rarely disclose such information"

Punjab was cleared from Corneal Blindness

Health Minister of Punjab says, the state is free of corneal blindness

Uranium contaminated groundwater

Rajasthan ground water is contaminated with Uranium deposits

• 16 states reported high percentage of Uranium Concentrations
• Andhra pradesh districts are in second position
• over pumping of groundwater may cause 
• Due to oxidation condition, enhanced Uranium enrichment in shallow groundwater

Madras High Court sough reploy for union Minister of HRD

In 2007 the cut off marks for JEE for Physically handicapped is 1
Now it was even decreased to -35
High  Court surprised
PIL by Industrialist Sudhakar

CPEC

"China Pakistan Economic Corridor is the Elephant in the room"

Pranab Speech

"Define India through religion, hatred, dogmas intolerance would dilute our existence"
"mirror of truth"

US wants India out of S-400 deal

US discouraging India buying large defence systems from Russia
India planning to buy Five S-400 Triumf air defence systems for around $4.5 billion from Russia

Palm leaf manuscripts at ORI to be digitised

The oriental Research institute is to digitise 30,000 palm scripts

• It has 40000 rare books
• To preserve them for prosperity

More dengue cases in Bengaluru

J&K to get 2 new border batallions

Border residents of J&K

Guthka scham

ED files money laundering case

• ED filed the case against unnamed TN state government officials under PMLA
• 39.91Cr were paid to TN health minister, DG of Police and others by Gutkha manufacturer (MDM Brand)

Haryana Sports persons issue

"leave without pay"
1/3rd of their income to be deposited

Horihabba: Bull Catching sport in Karnataka

Between Deepavali and Sankranti
At shikaripuri taluka
Bulls are named after films and Film stars

Annual Monsoon Trawiling Ban

Astamudi lake -Fisheries department and marine enforcement will be monitoring various parts

• Action shall be taken against illegal trawlers
• All fuel pumps are closed
• Fischeries and marine enforcement , alll arrangement at Azhekkal Harbour 
• Harbour enginering department to upgrade amenities
• During the ban, only non-motorized country boats and Fiber Reinforced Plastic boats are allowed in to the sea
• 52 day ban shall end on July 31,2018

Right to Equality : Reservations in Promotions

Article 16 (3) talks about reservations to suppressed classes
Reservations in promotions is unconstitutional as said by SC in 1992, Indra sahani case
But SC then allowed for reservations in promotions for five years from 1992
From 2015, The case is pending with SC

Ganga Praharis

People as grass root level volunteers
Wild life institute of India appoints them
Now there are 427 trained voluteers are there around Ganga Basin

Aletter Hurricane, Tropical storm, Mexico coast, East Pacific Ocean

Insolvencay and bankruptcy code (Amendment) ordinance 2018

Kohli got Plly Umregar Award

UN Inida business forum, NITI Aayog consortium help women entrepreneurship

India not to sign hague treaty

Free wifi in 400 Railway stations

Google and Raitel provided free wifi to 400 railway stations in India.
Started with Mumbai Central in 2016

Singapore MoU with AP

1. CADA - concession and Development Agreemenet
2. SHA - Shareholder agreement

Jharkhand State

1. Capital - Ranchi
2. CM - Raghubar das
3. Governor - Draupadi Murmu
4. Loksabha seats - 14
5. State Animal - Elephant
6. State Bird - Koel
7. State Tree - Sal
8. State Flower - Palesh
9. National Parks - Betla National Park
10. Rivers Flowing - Damodar, Sankh, North Koel, Barakar, Subarnarekha, Ganga
11. Dams - Chinda Dam, Anraj, Geasud,-Subarnarekha, Anchel hill, Damodar
12. Lakes 
1.  Ranchi :Hundru falls, Harini falls in Ranchi
2. Hirni falls, Tochanchi lake in Dhanbad
3. Hazaribagh, panch gagh in Khunti
13. Power Plant - Tenughat, Patratu, Sikidiri, Hydal
14. Airport - Birsa Munda Airport (Ranchi) and Sonari Ariport (Jamshedpur)
15. Folk dances - Parka, Hunta, Mundari, Barao, Enana Jhuma
16. Teibu - Munda, Santhal, Oregan, Khariya
17. Specialities
1. Dhanbad is the Coal Capital
2. Jamshedpur is the Steel City and Pittsburg of India

Feugo Volcanic Eruption - Guatemala

Fuego Volcano is an active stratovolcano in Guatemala

• Recently erupted violently and buried several villages on its southern flank
• Death toll is about 100
• National forensic Science agency stated that, out of 99 people, only 28 state have been identified so far.
• Some 200 people are still missing
• New blow up of 3,763 meter volcano
• Volcano is located just 27 miles Southwest of Capital Guatemala City
• Ash reached as far as City's airport, forcing it to close
• At its peak, Fuego reaches 12,346 feet above sea level and one of the most active volcanoes in Latin America
• It sits on Ring of fire, a 25,000 mile horseshoe shaped area, where several tectonic plates rub against each other, creating intense volcanic activity and earthquakes
• 3 quarter of world's active volcanoes can be found on Ring of fire.

UCBs to be changed as SFB : RBI

Abbreviations:

UCB - Urban Cooperative Bank

SFB - Small Financial Bank

RBI - Reserve Bank of India

Urban Cooperative banks are turning to be small financial banks as per announcement made by RBI

• Small Financial banks can only be regulated by RBI where as UCBs are operated by both RBI and state governements
• The decision was taken according to the recommendations made by R.Gandhi committee.

India Improved rank in Global Peace Index

India has been ranked 136th among 163 countries in Global Peace Index 2018 due to reduction in the level of violent crime driven by increased law enforcement.

• Index is prepared by Sydney based International think-tank institute for Economics and Peace (IEP)
• The report provides comprehensive analysis on the state of world peace
• It covers 99.7% of world's population 
• It uses 23 qualitative and quantitative indicators grouped into 3 key domains
1. Ongoing conflict
2. Safety and Security
3. Militarization
• Top rank is bagged by Iceland, Followed by New Zealand, Portugal, Austria and Denmark
• Syria is the least peaceful country followed by Afghanistan, South Sudan, Iraq and Somalia

Other information:

• India improved its rank marinally
• Rank is 136
• Overall Asia, there is a decline
• Pakistan too has improved.
• Iceland is the most peaceful nation continuing its position from 2008
• Syria is at bottom

World bank provides funds 6000 Cr for Groundwater recharge (Atal Bhujal Yojana)

Central Scheme to be implemented over 5 years.

• Scheme Name is Atal Bhujal Yojana
• World bank provides 6000 Cr. rupees for recharge plan
• Atal Bhujal Yojana aims to improve groundwater management in priority areas.

Maternal Mortality ratio in country drops to 130 from 167

Latest Sample registration System data indicating MMR gone down

Best performing states

• Kerala having lowest - 46
• Maharashtra - 61

Worst performing

• Uttar Pradesh 
• Bihar

Central package for Sugar mills

Govt. fixed Refined sugar at 29 rupees per kg.

• To maintain buffer stock
• sugar mills are facing a liquidity crisis
• Buffer stock is additional or excess stock
• 1,175 crore rupees Govt is spending 30 lakh tonnes in one year

RBI Raises rate after 4.5 years as crude price surges

RBI increased Repo rate by 25 base points

• Now it is 6.29%
• High repo rate - Hokish
• Low repo rate - Doubish
• first time in 4.5 years
• Earlier was in January 2014
• RBI increased inflation projection to 4.8%-4.9% first to second half
• Reverse repo rate shall be 6%
• Bank rate - 6.5%
• MSF - 6.5%
• GDP 7.4%

Definitions:

• RBI provide loans to banks up to 90 days
• Bank rate is official lending rate of RBI
• Inflation is Change in value of price of goods in a period of time

RBI - Information Repository - Y.M.Deosthalee Committee Recommendations

Abbreviations:
PCR - Public Credit Registry
RBI - Reserve Bank of India

RBI announced that it will set up a PCR as repository information regarding loan information of individuals and corporate borrower

• The decision is as per recommendations of Y.M. Deosthalee Committee set up by central bank

Committee Recommendations:

• RBI to set up PCR in due course 
• This should be backed by legal framework
• Central bank may also consider moving such registry to separate non-profit entity
• PCR should also capture data such as
• External commercial borrowings
• Market borrrowings
• Contingent liabilities
• Providing holistic picture about borrower's indebtedness
• PCR shall work as repository of all loan contracts, duly verified by reporting institutions for all/ any lending in India, regardless of the amount of loan.
• Registry should capture both positive and negative information about all loans.
• The borrowers should also be able to access their own history
• PCR data should be available to all stakeholders such as banks on a need-to-know basis.
• There should be adequate safeguards in privacy protection
• Onus of data quality should be on reporting agencies and institutions and action should be taken against the institution in case of any violations in rules
• Data base should be linked to defaulter database such as those maintained by Export Credit Guarantee Corp. of India, GST network etc.

RBI Action:

• On 6th June 2018, RBI disclosed plans to establish PCR in modular and phased manner
• Registry will distinguish between bad borrowers and good borrowers and will offer interest rates accordingly
• It helps in improving access to credit, strengthen the credit culture and strengthen the banking system because at present, the corporate borrowers lend from multiple banks without disclosing their existing debt.

Madhya Pradesh

June 6, 2018

• CM - Shivaraj Singh Chauhan
• Governor - Anandiben Patel
• Capital - Bhopal
• 2nd Largest state
• Crops: Pulses and Soyabean
• National Parks:
1. Kanha National Park (Largest)
2. Satpura National Park
3. Pench National Park
4. Bandhavgarh National Park
5. Panna Tiger reserve
• Dams:
1. Gandhi Sagar dam - Chambal
2. Bansagar Dam - Sone 
3. Bargi dam - Narmada
4. Barna dam - Barna
• Rivers:
1. Narmada, 2. Tapti, 3. Betwa, 4. Chambal, 5. Sone, 6. Mahanadi, 7. Shipra, 8. Kewati, 9. Kali Sindh
• Lakes:
1. Bhojtal, 2. Lower, 3. Moti, 4. Sharangpani, 5.Shahpura, 6. Bhopal
• Thermal Power Plant:
1. Vindhyachal, 2. Singrauli
• Airports
1. Devi Ahilyabal Holkar Airport - Indore
2. Raja Bhoj International Airport - Bhopal
3. Dumna Airport - Jabalpur
4. Rajmata Vijaya Raje Scindia Air Terminal   - Gwalior
• Folk Dances
1. Lokranjan, 2. Matki, 3.Gangaur, 4. Badhai, 5. Baredi, 6. Naurata, 7. Ahirai, 8. Bhagoria
• Tribes:
1. Aghariya, 2. Dhanwar, 3. Gadaba, 4. Gadba, 5. Halba, 6. Halbi
• Nick Names
1. Bhopal - City of Lakes
2. Indore  - Mini Mumbai
3. Mundi - Power hub
• Stadiums
1. Maharani Usharaje Trust or Holkar Cricket stadium - Indore
2. Captain Roop Singh Stadium - Gwalior
3. Aishbagh stadium - Bhopal
• 
  

7th Century Sculpture of Lord Shiva and Parvati

A rare sculpture of Lord Shiva and Godess Parvati  was found

• In Satyavolu village, Prakasham District, Andhra Pradesh
• 7th Century
• Red Sand Stone sculpture portrays Lord Shiva
• Lord Shiva as therapeutic physician (Rudra Bhaishajana)
• Described in Rigveda

Janaushadhi Suvidha

Abbreviations:
PMBJP - Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Janaushadi Pariyojana

Govt. launched "Janaushadhi Suvidha" the oxo-biodegradable sanitary napkin under PMBJP

• Affordable sanitary napkins will now become available at over 3600 Janaushadi Kendras functional in 33 states / UTs across India

Janaushadhi Suvidha:

Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act (IRWA)

Abbreviations:
WCD - Women and Child Development
IRWA - Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act.
NCW - National Commission for Women

Based on Observations made by parliamentary standing committee and recommendation made by NCW on basis of consultation with Civil society groups and likeminded individuals, WCD proposed amendments in IRWA keeping in mind the recent technological advancement in field of communications such as social media platforms, over the top services etc.

Reforms proposed

• Amendment in definition of term advertisement to include digital platform or electronic form or hoardings or through SMS, MMS etc.
• Amendment in definition of distribution to include publication, license or uploading using computer resource or communication device or in.
• Insertion of new definition to define the term publish
• Amendment in section 4 to include that no person shall publish or distribute or cause to be published or cause to be distributed by any means of any material which contains indecent representation of women in any form
• Penalty similar to that provided under IT Act 2000

Creation of New Authority:

• Creation of centralised authority under aegis of NCW
• It is headed by Member secretary, NCW, having representatives from 
• Advertising standards council of India
• Press Council of Inida
• Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 
• One member with experience of working on women issues.
• The centralised Authority will be authorised to receive complaints or grievances regarding any programme or advertisement broadcasted or publication and investigate/examine all matters relating to the indecent representation of women.

Necessity:

• Reforms are proposed keeping in mind the recent technological advancements
• Need was felt to widen the scope of law so as to cover such forms of media on one hand and to strengthen the existing safeguards to prevent indecent representation of women through any media form on the other.
• The indecent representation of women (Prohibition) amendment bill, 2012 was introduced in Rajya Sabha, December 2012 which referred the bill to department related Parliament Standing Committee for consideration.
• 
  

AITUC

Abbreviations:

AITUC - All India Trade Union Congress

AITUC is planning to launch a nationwide campaign against government, accusing the centre for running "Anti-worker Government"

AITUC:

• AITUC is the oldest trade union federations in India
• Founded in 1920, in Bombay by Lalalajpat Rai, Joseph Baptista, N.M.Joshi, Diwan Chaman Lal and few others
• Up to 1945, when unions became organised on party lines, it was the primary trade union organisation  in India.
• It has been associated with CPI since then
• AITUC is a founder member of World Federation of Trade Unions

Gopabandhu Sambadika Swasthya Bima Yojana - Odisha Journalists

Gopabandhu Sambandhika Swasthya Bima Yojana is new health insurance scheme for Journalists launched by state govt in Odisha.

• The scheme provides Rs.2 Lakh per anum health insurance cover to all working journalists of the state.

Key Facts:

• The scheme came into effect from June 1st, 2018
• Initially covers around 3200 journalists and their family members at least five from various media groups
• Insurance coverage is applicable for cashless treatment in government and private hospitals.
• The scheme also covers injuries and illness faced by journalists while performing their duties.
• The scribes will get their health insurance card from District Information and Public Relations Officer (DIPRO) in their respective districts.

Name of Scheme:

• The scheme is named after Gopabandhu das (1877-1928) a prominent social worker, reformer, political activist, journalist, poet and essayist of Odisha.
• His contribution to art, culture and society to Odisha earned him the epithet of Utkalmani (jewel of Odisha)
• His contribution to journalism in the state was short but remarkable
• In decade of 1910, he launched  a monthly literary magazine called satyabadi through which he tried to educate the masses.

India-Agni 5 missile test Odisha

India successfully test fired its indigenously developed Agni-5 missile on 3rd June

• The missile was launched from Dr. Abdul Kalam island off the Odisha coast.
• Agni missile is Surface to Surface missile
• Launched with the help of mobile launcher of Integrated test range at Dr. Abdul Kalam island, formerly known as Wheeler Island
• It is 6th test fire of the state-of-the art Agni-5 missile
• Trial was a great succes
• Missile hit the target with great accuracy after covering its full distance.
• Entire flight was monitored by radars, tracking instruments and observation stations.

Key Facts: Agni-5 missile:

• It is brainchild of DRDO.
• Most advanced in series
• Agni-5 is nuclear capable long range missile with new technologies in terms of navigation and guidance, warhead and engine.
• The 3-stage, 17 meter tall, 2-meter wide Agni-5 missile has range of 5000km
• Can carry nuclear warhead weighing up to 1.5 tonnes
• Agni-5 uses Ring laser Gyro based intertial navigation system RINS
• Most modern and gives very high accuracy
• Micro navigation system MNS helped missile reach its target with precision.
• Other features of Agni-5 missile include
• High speed on board computer
• Fault tolerant software
• Robust reliable bus
• Advanced computer
• Inertial navigation system
• Other Agnis are
• Agni-1 : Range 700 km
• Agni-2 : Range 2000km
• Agni-3 : 2500km 
• Agni-4 : 3500km

Humsafar Express between Jodhpur and Bandra

Union Railway Minister flagged off new Humsafar Jodhpur Bandra express

• The train started its journey towards Bandra from Bhagat ki Kothi Railway station in Rajasthan Jodhpur on 2nd June 2018.
• This express is completely 3-tier AC sleeper started their operation in December 2016.
• Special features are 
• LED Screen displays
• Vending machines, 
• Bio-toilets
• Smoke Alarms
• CCTVs.
• Heating chambers
• Refrigerating boxes
• Mobile charging ponts
• Investment for Railways increased from 682 Cr to 2911 Cr on an average.

Taj Declaration - Beat Plastic Pollution

Aim to make 500 m area around Taj mahal litter free and phase out single use plastic.

• Administered a pledge to Agra residents by Union Minister for culture
• The pledge is called "Taj Declaration to beat Plastic Pollution"
• The pledge was made in presence of UNEP execurive Director and Goodwill ambassador
• Declaration came ahead to World Environment day, June 5th 2018.

About Declaration:

• Before the declaration was undertaken, workshops were conducted to deal with problem.
• Major focus of workshops is to curb littering around 17th century monument.
• Short term and long terms plans are worked upon

Finance Literacy Week - 'Consumer Protection'

RBI conducting Financial literacy week from June 4th 2018

• Theme: "Consumer Protection"
• To create awareness among customers of banks
• According to RBI, event will emphasise on awareness about different financial products, services, digital applications and good financial practices

About Financial Literacy week:

• Introduced first in 2016 by RBI 
• Awareness on key topics
• NGOs collaborate with banks to make this initiative successful in past two years
• Last year theme is - "Know your Customer"
• Focus of this year is 
• Consumer protection messages like Know your liberty
• Consumers will be educated upon safe digital banking practices
• RBI says, in cases of unauthorized electronic banking transactions when informed 3 days, liability of account holder is zero
• RBI says that resolution of such transactions will be responsibility of concerned bank
• Banks should resolve issue as soon as possible within 90 days from the day of receipt of complaint
• Other focus point of financial literacy week includes creating awareness about banking ombudsman scheme of RBI
• Bankers, Financial literacy counsellors and other stake holders will be major participants in the event.

Tiananmen Massacre - 29th Anniversary

June 4th, 2018 is marked as 29th Anniversary of Tiananmen Square protests. massacre of China

• On this day 1989, Chinese troops violently retook Tiananmen square in Beijing from Pro-democracy protesters.
• On this occasion, Chinese people worldwide remember s lone man, better known as "Tank Man" who armed with nothing more than 2 shopping bags, stepped in front of the row of tanks moving down the streets of Beijing
• The image of 'Tank Man' is considered to be most enduring image of China's violent crackdown on democracy supporters

Tiananmen Square Massacre

• Tiananmen Square in Beijing is known for its three major protests
1. 1919
2. 1976
3. 1989
• 1989 pro-democracy protests started in April that year and were suppressed on 4th June after military crackdown.
• This event is also known as June 4th incident in modern Chinese History
• The protest was started by student groups, intellectuals and labour activists of Beijing
• Though there was neither a common cause nor a common leader, the broad demand was political reforms as the protesters did not like the way country's economy was run by Communist Party of China
• People weren't happy with rule of Deng Xiaoping, successor of MaoZedong
• He launched several reforms, apparently biased against urban dwellers, while favouring rural.
• On June 4th, 1989, Communist govt in China used force to end protests.
• Exact number of causalities never came in public because of media suppression

India's E-Waste Generation - ASSOCHAM - NEC study

Abbreviations:

TPA - Tonnes per Annum

CRT - Cathode Ray Tubes

PCB - Printed Circuit Board

LCD - Liquid Crystal Displays

As per ASSOCHAM-NEC study on 'Electricals and Electronics manufacturing in India'  India recycles only 5% of its e-waste

• Said, India is one of the biggest contributors of e-waste in the world
• E-waste includes
• Discarded computer monitors, Mother boards, CRT, PCB, Mobile phones and chargers, compact discs, headphones, white goods such as LCD, Plasma TVs, ACs, Refrigirators and so on.

Key points of the Study:

• India generates around 2 million TPA of e-waste
• 12% is from telecom equipment
• Apart from India, top-e-waste generator countries are China, USA, Japan and Germany
• Indian states, largest generator of e-waste is Maharashtra (19.8%), followed by TN (13%), UP (10.1%), Karnataka (8.9%), Gujarat (8.8%) and M.P. (7.6%)
• Low quantum of recycling of e-waste in India is due to lack of infrastructure, absence of strong legislative framework

Issues with E-Waste:

• Chemicals and pollutants generated by e-waste lead to environment and public health issues.
• Prolonged exposure to  e-waste chemicals damage nervous system, blood system, kidneys and brain development, respiratory disorders, skin disorders, bronchitis, Lung cancer, heart, liver and spleen damage

Concerns:

• E-Waste is one of major concerns of 21st century
• As per Moore's law, transistor numbers to be accommodated in same size chip double every two years and due to his, most electronic systems get outdated in about 3-years.
• People upgrade their mobiles, laptops, cameras, TVs etc. creating large amount of useless e-waste

First Shipment of LNG from Russia - Cheapest

Abbreviations:
LNG - Liquefied Natural Gas
BCM - Billion Cubic meter


On June 4th India received first shipment from Ghazpron, Russia.

• It is the cheapest of its kind from Russia
• Price is around 1.5USD cheaper from LNG imported from Qatar, India's oldest and largest supplier of LNG
• The LNG from Russia is even cheaper than from its sources, Australia and USA

India's Natural Gas Production and Import:

• India's natural gas production in 2017-18 was 32.64 BCM
• 22.01 BCM - Offshore production
• 10.63 BCM - Onshore producton
• At present half of demand is fulfilled by imports.
• India is 4th largest importer of LNG, Japan being the 1st largest.
• Qatar is the biggest supplier of Natural gas to India
• Recent shipment from Russia is under 20 year deal between India's state owned company GAIL India Ltd and Russian supplier Gazprom
• Govt. Policy is to expand LNG import basket to meet any contingency due to geopolitical or economic reasons.

Importance of Natural Gas & LNG:

• Natural gas is one of key inputs for generating power, manufacturing products in fertilizer and steel industries
• The primary use of LNG is to simplify transport of natural gas from source to destination.
• LNG is used in fuel internal combustion engines.

LNG

Abbreviations:
LNG - Liquefied Natural Gas
RPT - Rapid Phase Transition
LDC - Local Distributing company
IPP - Independent Power plants




LNG:
Natural gas is extracted from source and is condensed under the temperature -162 degrees Celsius into liquid, which takes space about 1/600 that in gaseous state. The liquefaction is to provide safe and convenient storage and transportation through seas. It is generally preferred when the distance overseas is larger and transportation of gaseous Natural gas is not possible through pipelines and becomes expensive. Maximum pressure for transportation is set at 25 KPa

The natural gas is predominantly methane (CH4) and having some mixture of Ethane compounds.The liquefaction, heavy gases like Helium, dust, heavy hydrocarbons, acid gases and water. 

Production:
The natural gas is fed into LNG plant shall be treated to remove water, Hydrogen Sulphide, Carbon Dioxide, and other components that will freeze (Eg.Benzene) under the low temperatures needed for storage or be destructive to the liquefaction facility. LNG typically contains more than 90 percent of methane. It also contains amounts of ethane, propane, butane, some heavier alkanes and Nitrogen.

The purification process can be designed to give almost 100 percent methane. One of the risks of LNG is a rapid phase transition explosion (RPT), which occurs when cold LNG comes to contact with water.

Infrastructure:
The Most important infrastructure needed for LNG production and transportation is LNG plant consisting of one or more LNG trains, each of which is an independent unit for gas liquefaction. The largest LNG train in operations is in Qatar, with total production capacity 7.8 million metric ton per anum.

The Qatar operation overtook the train 4 of Atlantic LNG in Trinidad and Tobago with a production capacity of 5.2 mmtpa, followed by SEGAs LNG plant in Egypt with a capacity of 5 mmtpa

LNG is loaded onto ships and delivered to a regasification terminal, where the LNG is allowed to expand and reconvert into gas. Regasification terminals are usually connected to a storage and pipeline distribution network to distribute natural gas to local distribution companies (LDCs) or IPPs